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Phrasal verbs
General points
in / out / on / off / up / down / away / back / by / through / about / along / over / forward / round, around
You can say look out / get on / take off / run aways etc. These are phrasal verbs.
We often use on / off / out etc. with verbs of movement.
The bus was full. We couldn't get on.
A man got into the car and drove off.
Emma is leaving tomorrow and coming back on Monday.
When I touched her on the shoulder, she turned round.
But often the second word (on / off / out etc.) gives a special meaning to the verb.
Sorry I'm late. The car broke down. (= the engine stopped working)
Look out! There's a car coming. (= be careful)
It was my first flight. I was nervous as the plane took off. (= went into the air)
How was the exam? How did you get on? (= How did you do?)
My Spanish isn't very good, but it's enough to get by. (= manage)
Sometimes a phrasal verb is followed by a preposition.
Why did you run away from me?
You're walking too fast. I can't keep up with you.
We looked up at the plane as it flew above us.
Are you looking forward to your trip?
Sometimes a phrasal verb has an object. Usually there are two possible positions for the object.
I turned on the light. or I turned the light on.
If the object is a pronoun(it / them / me / him etc.), only one position is possible.
I turned it on.
Can you (fill in this form? / fill this form in?) - They gave me a form and told me to fill it in.
Don't (throw away this box. / throw this box away.) - I want to keep this box, so don't throw it away.
I'm going to (take off my shoes. / take my shoes off.) - These shoes are uncomfortable. I'm going to take them off.
Don't (wake up the baby. / wake the baby up.) - The baby is asleep. Don't wake her up.
in / out
| in = into a room, a building, a car etc. | out = out of a room, a building, a car etc. |
How did the thieves get in? Here's a key, so you can let yourself in. Emma walked up to the edge of the pool and dived in. (= into the water) I've got a new apartment. I'm moving in on Friday. As soon as I got to the airport, I checked in. In the samw way you can say go in , come in, walk in, break in etc. in and into I'm moving in next week. I'm moving into my new flat on Friday. |
He just stood up and walked out. I had no key, so I was locked out. She swam up and down the. pool, and then climbed out. Tom opened the window and looked out. (at a hotel) What time do we have to check out? In the same way you can say go out, get out, move out, let somebody out etc. out and out of He walked out. He walked out of the room. |
Other vebrs + in
drop in = visit somebody for a short time without arranging to do this
I dropped in to see Tom on my way home.
join in = take part in an activity that is already going on
They were playing cards, so I joined in.
plug in an electrical machine = connect it to the electricity supply
The fridge isn't working because you haven't plugged it in.
fill in a form, a questionnaire etc. = write the necessary information on a form
Please fill in the application form and send it to us by 29 March.
You can also say fill out a form.
take somebody in = deceive somebody
The man said he was a policeman and I believed him. I was completely taken in.
Other verbs + out
eat out = eat at a restaurant, not at home
There wasn't anything to eat at home, so we decided to eat out.
drop out of college, university, a course, a race = stop before you have completely finished a course/race etc.
Tom went to university but dropped out after a year.
get out of something that you arranged to do = avoid doing it
I promised I'd go to the wedding. I don't want to go, but I can't get out of it now.
cut something out (of a newspaper etc.)
There was a beautiful picture in the magazine, so I cut it out and kept it.
leave something out = omit it, not include it
In the sentence 'She said that she was ill', you can leave out the word 'that'.
cross something out / rub something out
Some of the names on the list had been crossed out.
out
out = not burning, not shining
Suddenly all the lights in the building went out.
We managed to put the fire out.
I turned the lights out before leaving.
We don't need the candle. You can blow it out.
work out = do physical exercises
Emma works out at the gym three time a week.
work out = develop, progress
Good luck for the future. I hope everything works out well for you.
A : Why did Tom leave the company?
B : Things didn't work out. (= things didn't work out well)
work out (for mathematical calculations)
The todal bill for three people is £93.60. That works out at £31.20 each.
work something out = calculate, think about a problem and find the answer
365 x 3? I need to do this on paper. I can't work it out in my head.
Other verbs + out
carry out an order, an experiment, a survey, an investigation, a plan etc.
Soldiers are expected to carry out order.
An investigation into the accident will be carried out as soon as possible.
fall out (with somebody) = stop being friends
They used to be very good friends. I'm surprised to hear that they have fallen out.
Tom fell out with his father and left home.
find out that / what / when... etc., find out about something = get information
The police never found out who committed the murder.
I just found out that it's Emma's birthday today.
I checked a few websites to find out about hotels in the town.
give/hand things out = give to each person
At the end of the lecture, the speaker gave out information sheets to the audience.
point something out (to somebody) = draw attention to something
As we drove through the city, our guide pointed out all the sights.
I didn't realise I'd made a mistake until somebody pointed it out to me.
run out (of something)
We ran out of petrol on the motorway. (= we used all our petrol)
sort something out = find a solution to, put in order
There are a few problems we need to sort out.
All these papers are mixed up, I'll have to sort them out.
turn out to be..., turn out good/nice etc., turn out that...
Nobody believed Tom at first, but he turned out to be right. (= it became clear in the end that he was right)
The weather wasn't so good in the morning, but it turned out nice later.
I thought they knew each other, but it turned out that they'd never met.
try out a machine, a system, a new idea etc. = test it to see if it is OK
The company is trying out a new computer system at the moment.
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