안녕 여러분~
오늘은 명사 앞에 놓여서
시간, 장소, 방향 등을 나타내는 접속사와
단어, 구, 절을 연결해 주는 전치사에 대해
공부할 거예요!
Although / though / even though /
In spite of / despite
After although we use a subject + verb.
Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.
I didn't get the job although I had the necessary qualifications.
Although vs because
We went out although it was rainng heavily.
We didn't go out because it was raining heavily.
After in spite of or despite, we use a noun, a pronoun (this / that / what etc.) or -ing.
She wasn't well, but in spite of having the necessary qualifications.
I spite of what I said yesterday, I still love you.
Despite is the same as in spite of. We say in spite of, but despite (without of).
In spite of / despite the rian, we enjoyed our holiday.
You can say in spite of the fact (that).. and despite the fact (that)...
I didn't get the job in spite of the fact (that) I had the necessary qualifications.
In spite of vs because of
We went out in spite of the rain.
We didn't go out because of the rain.
Although and in spite of / despite.
Although the traffic was bad, we arrived on time. / In spite of the traffic, we arrived on time.
I couldn't sleep although I was very tired. / I couldn't sleep despite being very tired.
Though is the same as although.
I didn't get the job though I had the necessary qualification.
In spoken English we often use though at the end of a sentence.
The house isn't so nice. I like the garden though. (= but I like the garden)
I see them every day. I've never spoken to them though. (= but I've never spoken to them)
Even though is stronger form of although.
Even though I was really tired, I couldn't sleep.
In case
In case you have a puncture = because it is possible you will have a puncture.
I'll leave my mobile phone switched on in case Emma calls. (= because it is possible she will call)
I'll remind them about the meeting in case they've forgotten. (= because it is possible they have forgotten)
We use just in case for a smaller possibility.
I don't think it will rain, but I'll take an umbrella just in case. (= just in case it rains)
Do not use will after in case. Use a present tense for the future.
I'll leave my phone switched on in case Emma calls.
In case is not the same as if. We use in case to say why somebody does (or doesn't do) something. You do something now in case something happens later.
| in case | if |
We'll buy some more food in case Tom comes. (= Maybe Tom will come. We'll buy some more food now, whether he comes or not; then we'll already have the food if he comes.) You should insure your bike in case it is stolen. |
We'll buy some more food if Tom comes. (= Maybe Tom will come. If he comes, we'll buy some more food; if he doesn't come, we won't buy any more food.) You should inform the police if your bike is stolen. |
You can use in case + past to say why somebody did something.
We raing the doorbell again in case they hadn't heard it the first time.
In case of is not the same as in case. In case of... = if there is... (especially on notices etc.)
In case of fire, please leave the building as quickly as possible. (= if there is a fire)
In case of emergency, call this number. (= if there is an emergency)
Unless As long as Provided/providing
The club is for members only. You can't go in unless you are a member.
(= You can't go in except if you are a member. You can go in only if you are a member.)
Unless = except if.
I'll see you tomorrow unless I have to work late. (= except if I have to work late)
'Shall i tell Emma what happened?' 'Not unless she askes you.' (= only if she asks you)
We can take a taxi to the restaurant - unless you'd prefer to walk. (= except if you'd prefer to walk)
Instead of unless it is often possible to say if... not.
Unless we leave now, we'll be late. or If we don't leave now, we'll...
As long as or so long as / provides (that) or providing (that) means 'if' or 'on condition that'.
You can borrow my car as/so long as you promise not to drive too fast. (= you can borrow my. car, but you must promise not to drive too fast - this is a condition)
Travelling by car is convenient providing/provided (that) you have somewhere to park. (= but only if you have somewhere to park)
Providing/provided (that) the roon is clean, I don't mind which hotel we stay at. (= the room must be clean - otherwise I don't mind)
When you are talking about the future, do not use will after unless / as long as / so long as / provided / providing. Use a present tense.
I'm not going out unless it stops raining.
Providing the weather is good, we're going to have a picnic tomorrow.
방문해주셔서 감사합니다^^
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