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오늘은 대명사와 한정사에 대해
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Myself / yourself / themselves etc.
Tom introduced himself.
We use myself / yourself / himself etc. (reflexive pronouns) when the subject and object are the same.
| Reflexive pronouns |
| singular : myself / yourself (one person) / himself, herself, itself plural : ourselves / yourselves (more than one person) / themselves |
I don't want you to pay for me. I'll pay for myself.
Do you talk to yourself sometimes? (said to one person)
If you want more to eat, help yourselves. (said to more than one person)
We do not use myself etc. after feel / relax / concentrate / meet.
I feel nervous. I can't relax.
You must try and concentrate.
We normally use wash / shave / dress without myself etc.
He got up, washed, shaved and dressed.
You can also say get dressed. (He got dressed).
Compare -selves and each other.
Emma and Tom stood in front of the mirror and looked at themselves. (= Emma and Tom looked at Emma and Tom)
Emma looked at Tom; Tom looked at Emma. They looked at each other.
You can use one another instead of each other.
Do you and Emma live near each other?
We also use myself / yourself etc. in another way.
'Who repaired your bike for you?' 'I repaired it myself.'
I repaired it myself = I repair it, not anybody else. Here, myself is used to emphasise 'I' (= it makes it stronger).
I'm not going to do your work for you. You can do it yourself. (= you, not me)
The film itself wasn't very good, but I loved the music.
I don't think Emma will get the job. Emma herself doesn't think so. (Emma doesn't think so herself.)
Some and any
In general we use some (also somebody / someone / something) in positive sentences and any (also anybody etc.) in negative sentences.
| some | any |
| He's busy. He's got some work to do. There's somebody at the door. |
He's lazy. He never does any work. There isn't anybody at the door. |
We use any in the following sentences because the meaning is negative.
He refused to eat anything. (he didn't eat anything)
It's a very easy exam. Hardly anybody fails. (= alsomost nobody fails)
We use both some and any in questions. We use some / somebody / something to talk about a person or thing that we know exists, or we think exists.
Are you waiting for somebody? (I think you are waiting for somebody)
We use some in questions when we offer or ask for thing.
Can I have some sugar, please? (there is probably some sugar I can have)
But in most questions, we use any. We do not know if the thing or person exists.
'Do you have any luggage?' 'No, I don't.'
I can't find my bag. Has anybody seen it?
We often use any after if.
If anyone has any questions, I'll be pleased to answer them.
The following sentences have the idea of if.
I'm sorry for any trouble I've caused. (= if I have caused any trouble)
We also use any with the meaning 'it doesn't matter which'.
You can take any bus. They all go to the centre. (= it doesn't matter which bus you take)
Come and see me any time you want.
We use anybody / anyone / anything / anywhere in the same way.
We forgot to lock the door. Anybody could have come in.
Compare something and anything.
A : I'm hungry. I want something to eat.
B : What would you like?
A: I don't mind. Anything. (= it doesn't matter what)
Somebody / someone / anybody / anyone are singular words.
Someone is here to see you.
But we use they / them / their after these words.
If anybody wants to leave early, they can. (=he or she can)
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