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-ing 혹은 to...로 끝나는지
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Verb + -ing
After enjoy, mind and suggest, we use -ing. I enjoy reading. Would you mind closing the door? Tom suggested going to the cinema. Some more verbs that are follwed by -ing. stop / postpone / admit / avoid / imagine / finish / consider / deny / risk / fancy I'll do the shopping when I've finished cleaning the flat. He tried to avoid answering my question. I don't fancy going out this evening. (= I'm not enthusiastic about it) They said they were innocent. They denied doing anything wrong. The negative form is not-ing. When I'm on holiday, I enjoy not having to get up early. We also use -ing after give up (= stop) / put off (= postpone) / go on, carry on (= continue) / keep, keep on (= do something continuously or repeatedly) I've given up reading newspapers. I think it's a waste of time. Emma doesn't want to retire. She wants to go on working. You keep (on) interrupting when I'm talking! |
With some verbs you can use the structure verb + somebody + -ing. I can't imagine Tom riding a motorbike. You can't stop me doing what I want. 'Sorry to keep you waiting so long.' 'That's all right.' Note the passive form. I don't mind being kept waiting. (= I don't mind people keeping me ...) |
When you are talking about finished actions, you can say having done/stolen/said etc. They admitted having stolen the money. But it is not necessary to use having (done). They admitted stealing the money. I now regret saying what I said. After some of the vebs on this page you can also use that ... They denied that they had stolen the money. Tom suggested that we went to the cinema. |
Verb + to...
offer / decide / hope / deserve / promise agree / plan / manage / afford / threaten refuse / arrange / fail / forget / learn After these vebs you can use to ... (infinitive) It was late, so we decided to take a taxi home. How old were you when you learnt (how) to drive? I waved to Emma, but failed to attract her attention. The negative is not to ... We decided not to go out because of the weather. I promised not to be late. After some verbs to ... is not possible. I enjoy reading. Tom suggested meeting for coffee. Are you thinking of buying a car? |
After dare you can use the infinitive with or without to. I wouldn't dare (to) tell him. But after dare not(or daren't), you must use the infinitive without to. I daren't tell him what happened. We also use to ... after seem / appear / tend / pretend / claim I like Emma, but I think she tends to talk too much. Tom pretended not to see me when he passed me in the street. There is also a continuous infinitive (to be doing) and a perfect infinitive (to have done) I pretended to be reading the paper. (= I pretended that I was reading) You seem to have lost weight. (= it seems that you have lost weight) |
After some verbs you can use a question word (what/whether/how etc.) + to ... ask / decide / know / remember / forget / explain / learn / understand We asked how to get to the station. Have you decided where to go for your holidays? Do you understand what to do? Also show / tell / ask / advise / teach somebody what / how / where to do something. Can somebody show me how to use this camera? Ask Tom. He'll tell you what to do. |
Verb (+ object) + to...
want / ask / help / would like / expect / beg / mean(= intend) / would prefer verb + to ... / verb + object + to ... We expected to be late. / We expected Tom to be late. Do not say 'want that' Do you want me to come with you? After help you can use the infinitive with or without to. Can you help me (to) move this table? |
tell / remind / force / encourage / teach / enable / order / warn / invite / persuade / get(= persuade) verb + object + to ... Can you remind me to call Emma tomorrow? Who taught you to drive? I didn't move the piano by myself. I got somebody to help me. In the next example, the verb is passive. I was warned not to touch the switch. You cannot use suggest with the structure verb + object + to ... Tom suggested that I ask your advice. |
After advise and allow, two structures are possible. verb + -ing (without an object) / verb + object + to ... I wouldn't advise staying in that hotel. / I wouldn't advise anybody to stay in that hotel. They don't allow parking in front of the building. / They don't allow people to park in front of the building. Study these examples with (be) allowed (passive) Parking isn't allowed in front of the building. / You aren't allowed to park in front of the building. Make and let verb + object + infinitive (without to) I made him promise that he wouldn't tell anybody what happended. Her parents wouldn't let her go out alone. (= wouldn't allow her to go out) Let me carry your bag for you. We say 'make somebody do', but in the passive we say 'made to do' We were made to wait fo rtwo hours. (= They made us wait ...) |
방문해주셔서 감사합니다^^
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