Present and past(현재와 과거)

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Present continuous (I am doing)
현재 진행형

Am/is/are + -ing

She is driving to work.

She is driving now, at the time of speaking.

The action is not finished.

He's having a shower.

Are you enjoying the party?

What's going on? (= What's happening?)

I am doing something.

= I'm in the middle of doing it.

I've started doing it and I haven't finished.

Sometimes the action is not happening at the time of speaking.

I'm reading a really good book at the moment.

He is not reading the book at the time of speaking.

He means that he has started it, but has not finished it yet.

He is in the middle of reading it.

today / this week / this year...(periods around now)과 함께 쓰임

특히 아래 동사들과 함께 쓰임

when we talk about changes happening around now.

get / change / become / increase / rise /

fall / grow / improve / begin / start

Is your English getting better?

At first I didn't like my job, but I'm beginning to enjoy it now.

* 표현 정리

Let's go out now.

He's talking to a friend on the phone.

Some friends of mine

I need to eat something soon. I'm getting hungry.

We need to leave soon. It's getting late.

They're trying to sell it.

Things are not so good at work.

They're lying. (거짓말)

We're going to get wet. It's starting to rain.

What's he doing these days?

How's your new job going?

He's been in the same job for a long time and he's beginning to get bored with it.

I'm not listening to it.

Tom phoned me last night. He's on a holiday in Korea.

I want to lose weight, so this week I'm not eating lunch.

They're not speaking to each other.

I'm getting tired. I need a rest.

Tom isn't working today. He's taken the day off.

The world is chaning. Things never stay the same.

The weather is starting to improve. The rain has stopped, and the wind isn't as strong.

Present simple (I do)
현재형

Drive(s) / work(s) / do(es)

Tom is a bus driver, but now he's in bed asleep. He is not driving a bus.

→ He drives a bus. (He is a bus driver.)

We use the present simple to talk about things in general and

to say that something happens all the time or prepeatedly,

or that something is true in general.

Nurses look after patients in hospitals.

I usually go away at weekends.

We use do/does to make questions and negative sentences.

What does this word mean?

I come from Korea. Where do you come from?

Rice doesn't grow in cold climates.

We use it to say how often we do things.

I get up at 7 o'clock every morning.

How often do you go to the dentist?

Sometimes we do things by saying something.

I apologise ... / I advise... / I insist... / I agree... / I refuse...

I promise I won't be late.

What do you suggest I do?

* 표현 정리

Bad driving causes many accidents.

My parents live in a very small flat.

The Olympic Games take place every four years.

The Panama Canal connects the Atlantic and Pacific oceans.

What time do the banks close here?

I've got a car, but I don't use it much.

It takes me an hour to get ot work. How long does it take you?

Tom isn't very fit. He doesn't do any sport.

The sun rises in the eat.

Bees make honey.

The River Amazon flows into the Atlantic Ocean.

How often do you go to the cinema?

He's not in the office today. I suggest you try calling him tomorrow.

I won't tell anybody what you said. I promise.

You must let me pay for the meal. I insist.

I apologise for what I did. It won't happen again.

Present continuous vs present simple (I am doing and I do)
현재 진행형 vs 현재형

Present continuous	Present simple
(I am doing) Things happening at or around the time of speaking. The action is not complete. The water is boiling. Can you turn it off? Listen to those people. What language are they speaking? 'I'm busy.' 'What are you doing?' I'm getting hungry. Let's go and eat. Use for temporary situations. I'm living with some friends until I find a place of my own. I'm working hard today. I have a lot to do.	(I do) Things in general or things that happen repeatedly. Water boils* at 100 degrees Celsius.* Excuse me, do you speak English? What do you usually do at weekends? I always get hungry in the afternoon. Use for permanent situations. My parents live in London. They've lived there all their lives. Tom isn't lazy. He works hard most of the time.
(I'm always doing) I'm always doing something I'm always losing things = I lose things very often, perhaps too often, or more often than normal.	(I always do) I always do (something) = I do it every time. I always go* to work by car.*

	주로 현재형으로 쓰는 동사 like / want / need / prefer // know / realise / suppose / mean / understand / believe / remember // belong / fit / contain / consist / seem Do you understand what I mean? 주로 현재형으로 쓰는 동사(종종 can과 함께 쓰임) (can +) see / hear / smell / taste
Think가 'consider'을 의미할 때 I'm thinking about what happened. I often think* about it.* Emma is thinking of giving up her job. (she's considering it)	Think가 'believe', 'have an opinion'을 의미할때 I think* Tom is American, but I'm not sure.*
You're looking well today. How are* you feeling now?*	You look* well today.* How do you feel* now?* I usually feel* tired in the morning.* (not I'm usually feeling)
He's being = He's behaving / He's acting I can't understand why he's being so selfish. He isn't usuallly like that. (being selfish = behaving selfishly at the moment)	He never thinks about other people. He is very selfish. (= He is selfish generally, not only at the moment)

* 표현 정리

Look! The man is trying to open the door of your car.

The moon goes round the earth in about 27 days.

I must go now. It's getting late.

'Hurry up! It's time to leave.' 'OK, I'm coming.'

I heard you've got a new job. How are you getting?(어떻게 지내시나요?)

They don't get on well. They're always arguing. (잘 지내지 못하다)

Hurry up! Everybody is waiting for you.

No, just occasionally.

We usually grow vegetable in our garde, but this year we're not growing any.

I think my English is improving slowly.

She's staying at the Park Hotel.

I'm starting to feel tired.

The car is useless. It's always breaking down.

'Oh, I've forgetten my glasses again.' 'Typical! You're always forgetting your glasses.'

Don't put the dictionary away. I'm using it.

Air consists mainly of nitrogen and oxygen.

'Is anybody sitting here?' 'No, it's free.'

Emma is being very nice to me at the moment. I wonder why.

You're usually very patient, so why are you being so unreasonable about waiting ten more minutes?

'Why isn't Tom at work today?' 'Is he ill?

Past simple (I did)
과거형

Lived / Started / wrote / was / died

과거형은 규칙 동사일 경우 대부분 '동사원형 -ed'로 끝나요

I work in a travel agency now. Before that I worked in a department store.

The police stopped me on my way home last night.

Emma passed her exam because she studied very hard.

불규칙 동사일 경우 -ed로 끝나지 않아요

I went to the cinema three times last week.

It was cold, so I shut the window.

질문이나 부정형 문장 : did/didn't + 동사원형

'Did you go out last night?' 'Yes, I went to the cinema, but I didn't enjoy the film much.'

They didn't invite us to the party, so we didn't go.

'Did you have time to do the shopping?' 'No, I didn't.'

do가 메인 동사로 쓰이는 경우도 있어요

What did you do at the weekend?

I didn't do anything.

be(am / is / are)의 과거형 : was / were

질문이나 부정형 문장에서 did를 was / were과 함께 쓰지 않아요

Was the weather good when you were on holiday?

They weren't able to come because they were so busy.

* 표현 정리

Emma had a big breakfast.

It took me about half an hour to get to work.

I was tired when I got home.

I cooked a meal yesterday evening.

We couldn't afford to keep our car, so we sold it.

He fell down the stairs this morming and hurt his leg.

'How did you go? 'We hired a car in San Francisco.'

It's a long way to drive. How long did it take to get to Seattle?'

Where did you stay? In hotels?

It was warm, so I took off my coat.

We were very tired, so we left the party early.

I was in a hurry, so I didn't have time to phone you.

It was hard carrying the bags. They were very heavy.

Past continuous (I was doing)
과거 진행형

Was / were -ing

I was doing something.

= I was in the middle of doing something at a certain time.

The action or situation had already started before this time, but had not finished.

This time last year I was living in Korea.

I waved to Emma, but she wasn't looking.

다른 일을 하고 있는 중 어떤 일이 발생할 경우

과거형과 과거 진행형을 함께 사용해요

Tom phoned while we were having dinner.

It was raining when I got up.

I saw you in the park yesterday. You were sitting on the grass and reading a book.

다른 일이 일어난 후 어떤 일이 발생한 경우

과거형을 사용해요

I was walking along the road when I saw Tom. So I stopped, and we had a chat.

1. 걷고 있었는데

2. Tom을 봤고, 멈췄고, 얘기를 나눴다.

(먼저 일어난 일 : 과거 진행, 그다음에 일어난 일 : 과거형)

I was in bed asleep.

I was on a bus on my way home.

Emma fell asleep while she was watching TV.

The television was on, but nobody was watching it.

I was cycling home yesterday when a man stepped out into the road in front of me.I was going quite fast, but luckily I managed to stop in time and didn't hit him.

We were in a very difficult position. We didn't know what to do.

I haven't seen Tom for ages.

I was walking along the street when suddenly I heard footsteps behind me.

Last night I dropped a plate when I was doing the washing-up.