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Passive
| (is done / was done) |
Somebody built this house in 1970. (active) vs This house was built in 1970. (passive) When we use an active verb, we say what the subject does. It's a big company. It employs two hyndred people. When we use a passive verb, we say what happens to the subject. Two hundred people are employed by the company. |
When we use the passive, who or what cuases the aciton is often unknown or unimportant. A lot of money was stolen in the robbery. (somebody stole it, but we don't know who) Is this room cleaned every day? (does somebody clean it? - it's not important who) If we want to say who does or what causes the action, we use by. Two hundred people are employed by the company. |
The passive is be (is/was etc.) + p.p. Present simple Somebody cleans this room every day. vs This room is cleaned every day. Many accidents are caused by careless driving. I'm not invited to parties very often. How is this word pronounced? Past simple Somebody cleaned this room every day. vs This room was cleaned yesterday. We were woken up by a loud noise during the night. 'Did you go to the party?' 'No, I wasn't invited.' How much money was stolen in the robbery? |
| (be done / been done / being done) |
Infinitive Somebody will clean this room later. vs This room will be cleaned later. The situation is serious. Something must be done before it's too late. The music was very loud and could be heard from a long way away. Please go away. I want to be left alone. |
Perfect infinitive Somebody should have cleaned the room. vs The room should have been cleaned. I should have received the letter by now. It might have been sent to the wrong address. There were some problems at first, but they seem to have been solved. |
Present perfect The room looks nice. Somebody has cleaned it. vs The room looks nice. It has been cleaned. Have you heard? The trip has been cancelled. 'Are you going to the party?' 'No, I haven't been invited.' Past perfect The room looked nice. Somebody had cleaned it. vs The room looked nice. It had been cleaned. The vegetables didn't taste good. They had been cooked too long. The car was three years old, but hadn't been used very much. |
Present continuous Somebody is cleaning the room at the moment. vs The room is being cleaned at the moment. There's somebody walking behind us. I think we are being followed. (in a shop) 'Can I help you?' 'No, thanks. I'm being served.' Past continuous Somebody was cleaning the room when I arrived. vs The room was being cleaned when I arrived. There was somebody walking behind us. I think we were being followed. |
I was offered ... / we were given ... Some verbs can have two objects. Somebody gave the police the information. (= somebody gave the information to the police) So it is possible to make two passive sentences. The police were given the information. or The information was given to the police. Other verbs which can have two objects are ask / offer / pay / show / teach / tell When we use these verbs in the passive, most often we begin with the person. I've been offered the job, but I don't think I'll accept it. (= they have offered me the job) You will be given plenty of time to decide. (= we will give you plenty of time) Tom has an easy job - he's paid a lot of money to do very little. (= they pay him a lot) |
I don't like being ... The passive of doing / seeing etc. is being done / being seen etc. I don't like people telling me what to do. (active) vs I don't like being told what to do. (passive) Tom hates being kept waiting. (= he hates people keeping him waiting) I was born ... I was born in Seoul. Where were you born? (past) vs How many babies are born every day? (present) |
Get You can use get insted of be in the passive. There was a fight at the party, but nobody got hurt. (= nobody was hurt) I don't get invited to many parties. (= I'm not invited) We use get only when things happen. You cannot use get in these sentences : Emma is liked by everybody. (not gets liked - this is not a 'happening') Tom was a mystery man. Very little was known about him. (not got known) We use get mainly in informal spoken English. You can use be in all situations. We also use get in the following expressions (which are not passive in meaning) : get married, get divorced get dressed (= put on your clothes) get lost (= not know where you are) get changed (=change your clothes) |
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