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안녕 여러분~
오늘은 간접 화법에 대해
공부할 거예요!
한국어에서도
'A가 ~라고 말했어'라고 말하듯이
영어에도 누군가 한 말을 전할 때
간접 화법을 사용해요~
Reported speech
You want to tell somebody what Tom said. There are two ways of doing this. * In writing we use these quotation marks to show direct speech. Tom said 'I'm feeling ill.' (direct speech) Tom said that he was feeling ill. (reported speech) |
When we use reported speech, the main verb of the sentense is usually past. The rest of the sentence is usually past too. Tom said that he was feeling ill. I told Emma that I didn't have any money. You can leave out that. Tom said he was feeling ill. In general, the present form is in direct speech changes to the past form in reported speech. am/is → was do/does → did will → would are → were have/has → had can → could want/like/know/go etc. → wanted/liked/knew/went etc. |
The past simple can usually stay the same in reported speech, or you can change it to the past perfect. Tom said 'I woke up feeling ill, so I didn't go to work.' (direct) Tom said (that) he woke/had woken up feeling ill, so he didn't go/hadn't gone to work.. (reported) |
It is not always necessary to change the verb in reported speech. If the situation is still the same, you do not need to change the verb to the past. Tom said 'My new job is boring.' (direct) Tom said that his new job is boring. (reported) (The situation is still the same. His job is still boring now.) Emma said 'I want to go to Canada next year.' (direct) Emma told me that she wants to go to Canada next year. (reported) (Emma still wants to go to Canada next year.) You can also change the verb to the past. Tom said that his new job was boring. Emma told me that she wanted to go to Canada next year. But if the situation has changed, you must use a past verb. Tom left the room suddenly. He said he had to go. |
You need to use a past form when there is a difference between what was said and what is really true. I met Emma a few days ago. Emma said "Tom is in hospital." Later that day I meet Tom in the street. "Hi, Tom. I didn't expect to see you. Emma said you were in hospital." |
Say and tell If you say who somebody is talking to, use tell. Temma told me trhat you were in hospital. What did you tell the police? Otherwise use say. Emma said that you were in hospital. What did you say? But you can 'say something to somebody' Alice said goodbye to me and left. What did you say to the police? |
Tell/ask somebody to do something We also use the infinitive in reported speech, especially with tell and ask (for orders and requests) 'Drink plenty of water,' the doctor said to me. (direct) The doctor told me to drink plenty of water. (reported) 'Don't be late,' I said to Logan. (direct) I told Logan not to be late. (reported) 'Can you help me, please,' Emma said to me. (direct) Emma asked me to help her. (reported) You can also say 'Somebody said (not) to do something. Tom said not to worry about him. |
+ 표현 정리
My car was stolen a few days ago. → He said that his car had been stolen a few days ago.
Tell us about your holiday. Did you have a nice time?
Don't just stand there! Say something?
Don't tell anybody what I said. It's a secret just between us.
'Did she tell you what happened?' 'No, she didn't say anything to me.'
Tom couldn't help me. He told me to ask Logan.
Tom couldn't help me. He said to ask Logan.
방문해주셔서 감사합니다^^
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